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VedAnvaya
Deity atlas

Deity

rudraḥ

Rudra

The feared archer of the wilds, father of the Maruts, whose arrows bring affliction on men and cattle and who is at the same time called the best of physicians.

Supported
healer · terrestrial

Across the four Vedas

Where this deity is named in the text, counted per collection. Certain and probable mentions are included; ambiguous ones are held back and shown separately below.

Named in the text

Passages in which a registered form of this name occurs, counted once per passage.

Measured over Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda.

Named in the text. Passages in which a registered form of this name occurs, counted once per passage.
Rigveda57 passages
Samaveda2 passages
Yajurveda12 passages
Atharvaveda13 passages
  • Rigveda holds back 71 ambiguous mentions
  • Samaveda holds back 3 ambiguous mentions
  • Yajurveda holds back 29 ambiguous mentions
  • Atharvaveda holds back 29 ambiguous mentions

These are Sanskrit surface matches and therefore lower bounds. Being named is not the same as the passage being about the deity.

33Certain
51Probable
132AmbiguousHeld back from every figure above. The referent could not be resolved, so counting these would overstate the deity.

Ascribed by the apparatus

The traditional hymn dedication, which is a different kind of record from being named in a verse. The two are never summed.

How the ascription was recorded

Passages carrying this deity as their dedication, split by whether the source states it verse by verse or the hymn heading was projected downward.

The ascription apparatus exists for Rigveda, Atharvaveda only. A zero elsewhere is a missing apparatus, not an absent deity.

How the ascription was recorded. Passages carrying this deity as their dedication, split by whether the source states it verse by verse or the hymn heading was projected downward.
Stated for the verse8 passages
Inherited from the hymn52 passages
  • Inherited from the hymn the hymn heading projected onto every verse inside it

Ascription is the traditional apparatus dedicating a hymn. For this deity it reaches RV, AV, and the layer as a whole reaches RV, AV. The total spans two routes with two methods and `ascription_routes` separates them: the Rigvedic dedication is the Anukramani naming a deity the registry holds, the Atharvavedic one is that dedication recovered from a Sanskrit adjective under Panini 4.2.24 sasya devata, and 277 of the 324 Atharvavedic descriptors are refused a deity rather than resolved -- each carrying its own recorded reason. The Atharvavedic dedications counted here were derived from 39 of the 47 that resolve, because the derived layer has not been rebuilt from the 8 the R4 matcher gained (R4-RESIDUAL-ATTRIBUTION-002). A zero in a corpus the layer reaches is an absent dedication; a zero in the Samaveda or Yajurveda is a missing apparatus rather than an absent deity. Most ascriptions are a hymn label projected onto each verse inside it rather than a per-verse statement.

What this deity does

Actions where the deity stands as the grammatical agent. Read from the Rigvedic morphological annotation only.

  • Moves to
  • Perceives
  • Blesses
  • Creates
  • Hears
  • Is or becomes
  • Praises
  • Protects
  • Strengthens

What it is asked to do

Actions in the imperative or optative: what the poets request, as distinct from what is asserted.

  • Blesses
  • Is or becomes
  • Slays
  • Destroys
  • Protects
  • Rescues
  • Sees

Associated ideas

Registered concepts named in the same passages.

  • healing (bheṣaja)
  • offspring (prajā)
  • heaven (dyaus)
  • gold (hiraṇya)
  • hero (vīra)
  • homage (namas)
  • protection (śarman)
  • sun (sūrya)
  • wellbeing (svasti)
  • body (tanū)

Objects and substances

  • homage (namas)
  • praise (stoma)
  • heaven (dyaus)
  • body (tanū)
  • people (jana)
  • wellbeing (svasti)
  • cattle (go)
  • fire (agni)
  • hero (vīra)
  • offspring (prajā)

Seers of its hymns

Ranked over the ascription apparatus, most of which is inherited from the hymn heading.

  • śaunako gṛtsamadaḥ
  • āṅgirasaḥ kutsaḥ
  • ghauraḥ kaṇvaḥ
  • maitrāvaruṇirvasiṣṭhaḥ
  • bhaumo atriḥ

Metres

  • triṣṭup
  • jagatī
  • gāyatrī
  • anuṣṭup

Named alongside

Deities that share passages with this one. Co-mention is proximity in a verse, not a relationship the text asserts.

Formula families

Shared wording that recurs in passages naming this deity.

stomaṁ rudrāya4 mantras naming this deity
mā no mahāntam uta mā no3 mantras naming this deity
no mitro varuṇo3 mantras naming this deity
jarābodha tad viviḍḍhi viśe viśe yajñiyāya stomaṁ rudrāya3 mantras naming this deity
namas te rudra3 mantras naming this deity
dvipade catuṣpade vi2 mantras naming this deity
śarave hantavā u2 mantras naming this deity
tokāya tanayāya2 mantras naming this deity

Passages to read

Verses that name this deity, and verses the apparatus dedicates to it. These are different claims and are listed separately.

Derived measures

Computed over this graph. Each states its method, and none is a statement the texts make.

Derived measure

Devata attribution by veda

Rv
38

Attribution to a deity in the registry (HAS_DEVATA) exists for the Rigveda only (RV). A zero for another Veda means that Veda has no such layer, NOT that the deity is absent from it. It also does NOT mean the corpus has no traditional index: the Atharvaveda's Anukramani is recorded separately as ascription descriptors, which are not resolved into the deity registry and so are never counted in this metric.

How it was computed

count of HAS_DEVATA edges grouped by passage veda

VG:METRIC:DEVATA_ATTRIBUTION_BY_VEDA:VG:DEVATA:RUDRAH

Derived measure

Devata attribution precision

Container inherited
30
Per passage
8
Per passage share
0.210

container_inherited attributions are the sukta's label projected onto its mantras by a scope rule. They are reproducible derivations, not statements the source made about the individual mantra.

How it was computed

HAS_DEVATA edges split on attribution_precision

VG:METRIC:DEVATA_ATTRIBUTION_PRECISION:VG:DEVATA:RUDRAH

Derived measure

Devata structural spread

1
17
2
15
5
1
7
5

Rigvedic mandala numbers; other Vedas absent for want of a layer.

How it was computed

count of attributed mantras grouped by top-level structural division

VG:METRIC:DEVATA_STRUCTURAL_SPREAD:VG:DEVATA:RUDRAH